Jews are strictly commanded to avoid 39 specific categories of activities during the entire Sabbath, from sunset Friday until Saturday evening, on pain of capital punishment.
Gentiles, in contrast, are forbidden to observe these restrictions, whether on the Sabbath or any other day of the week, as alluded to in Gen. 8:22. Not only is a gentile not punished for performing such activities during the Sabbath, but the reverse: He is subject to death by the hand of G-d if he establishes any religious “day of rest” similar to the Jewish Sabbath. (The concept of a sabbath is unrelated to vacation or relaxation for other reasons.)
Examples:
- Not to observe a sabbath like that of the Seventh Day Adventists on Friday evening and Saturday, during the Jewish Sabbath.
- Not to refrain from work or mundane tasks on Sunday in accordance with the usual Christian tradition.